Exploring the Dynamics of Calque Borrowing in Language Evolution

Abstract

This study examines the trends in calque borrowing from historical to contemporary contexts, focusing on how languages adapt to new concepts and global trends. Calque borrowing, a process where terms are translated directly from one language to another while preserving their original structure, has evolved significantly over time. Despite extensive research on linguistic adaptation, there is a notable gap in understanding how the frequency and types of calques have shifted, particularly with the rise of digital media.

To address this gap, we analyzed 300 instances of calques, comprising 100 from historical texts and 200 from contemporary sources. Data was collected from literary works, scientific papers, online news articles, and social media. Quantitative analysis using SPSS revealed a 30% increase in calque usage in contemporary sources, with a significant concentration in technological and cultural terms. Qualitative analysis highlighted that contemporary calques are predominantly found in digital media, reflecting current global trends.

The findings demonstrate a marked rise in calque borrowing in modern contexts, particularly in relation to technology and culture, suggesting that languages are adapting rapidly to incorporate new concepts. This trend aligns with theories of linguistic adaptation and underscores the dynamic nature of language. The study implies that understanding calque borrowing is crucial for insights into linguistic evolution and the integration of new terminologies. Future research should explore the cognitive mechanisms behind calque adoption and its effects on linguistic diversity across different languages and regions.