The Socio-Philosophical Essence of the Concepts of Crime and Punishment

Abstract

This article analyzes the socio-philosophical essence of the concepts of crime and punishment. Crime is interpreted as an act contrary to the essence of human beings as social entities and as behavior that violates the moral and ethical norms of society. Punishment, in turn, is viewed not only as a legal but also as a moral and ethical institution aimed at restoring social order. The paper explores the dialectical relationship between crime and punishment within the framework of ancient philosophical ideas and modern social theories, examining their interrelation with such notions as human freedom, justice, and responsibility. Furthermore, the article highlights, from a philosophical standpoint, the humanistic principles underlying the improvement of the criminal justice and punishment system in contemporary Uzbekistan.