Challenges and Strategies in Teaching English as a Second Language in Non-English-Speaking Countries

Abstract

Since English become a second language (ESL), it has emerged as an international means of communication. However, while acquiring and teaching English as a second language, learners and teachers face different serious challenges, including insufficient exposure to authentic language environments, dependent on outdated and traditional methods, limited resources and digital technologies, lack of educated workforce. These obstacles defeat language learners from enhancing communicative abilities, which is significant in academic, professional, and intercultural contexts.

This study investigates the basic difficulties encountered in ESL classrooms and find out new and effective strategies for approaching them. A review of current research suggests that communicative language teaching, task-based learning, and the integration of digital tools significantly improve learner engagement and language acquisition. Moreover, fostering learner autonomy and cultural awareness can reduce socio-linguistic barriers and support long-term proficiency