Assessment of Justice System and Institutional Response to Rape in Nigeria

Abstract

The study assessed the justice system and institutional response to rape in Nigeria. The interaction between victims of sexual violence and the personnel of the criminal justice system plays an influential role in the recovery process of the victims of sexual assault. The criminal justice system can provide important services for victims of sexual violence. An effective criminal justice response remains a vital part of what victims should rightly expect: recognition of the harm done to individuals, enforcement of the law, punishment of perpetrators, and the prevention of further risk of harm to victims and other members of society. Institutions, such as governments and NGOs, develop policies and legislation to address sexual violence comprehensively. These efforts include funding for victim services, training for professionals, and addressing gaps in the legal system. The study concluded that there has been a growing awareness of the importance of addressing sexual assault and rape within the justice system. Many jurisdictions have revised their laws related to sexual assault, including expanding the definition of consent, removing statutes of limitations, and enhancing penalties for perpetrators. The underreporting of rape cases remains a major issue. Many survivors are reluctant to come forward due to fear, stigma, or a lack of faith in the justice system. Conviction rates for rape cases also remain relatively low, partly due to difficulties in gathering evidence and securing witness cooperation. It's important to recognize that the justice system's response to rape is not uniform and can be influenced by factors like race, socio-economic status, and gender identity. Marginalized communities may face additional barriers to accessing justice and receiving fair treatment. One of the recommendations made was that the government should ensure that laws regarding sexual assault are comprehensive, clear, and up-to-date as the law should include defining consent, eliminating statutes of limitations, and implementing harsh penalties for perpetrators.