Regulatory Structures of Private Hospitals: Perspectives from Uzbekistan and Türkiye

Abstract

This article examines the regulatory structures governing private hospitals in Uzbekistan and Türkiye through the IRAC (Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion) framework. It identifies key legal and policy challenges these countries face in integrating private healthcare into their broader health systems while safeguarding public interests. Drawing from constitutional provisions, national health laws, and specific regulatory instruments, the article compares how both countries define, license, and oversee private hospital operations. While Türkiye represents a mature model with a well-integrated private sector under national insurance, Uzbekistan is in the midst of a major transition, expanding private services and developing new oversight mechanisms. The article evaluates how legal frameworks are applied in practice, using real-world examples such as licensing procedures, health outcomes, investment trends, and public-private partnerships. The findings highlight the importance of strong legal foundations, clear institutional roles, and active enforcement to ensure quality, equity, and efficiency in private healthcare delivery. This comparative perspective offers insights for students, educators, and policymakers engaged in health law, governance, and reform.