Semantic Transparency and Opacity in English Phraseology

Abstract

Phraseology in the English language encompasses a wide array of fixed expressions, including idioms, collocations, proverbs, and phrasal verbs. A key dimension in analyzing these expressions is the continuum of semantic transparency and opacity, which refers to the extent to which the literal meanings of constituent words contribute to the overall figurative or idiomatic sense. Transparent expressions allow for straightforward deduction of meaning from parts, whereas opaque ones obscure this relationship, requiring cultural or contextual knowledge for interpretation. This article explores the theoretical foundations, classification schemes, cognitive implications, and pedagogical challenges of semantic transparency and opacity in English phraseology. Drawing on linguistic theories and empirical studies, it argues that understanding this spectrum enhances language acquisition, translation, and computational linguistics applications.