Commercialization of Intellectual Property Objects in Higher Education Institutions: A Brief Comparative-Legal Analysis

Abstract

This article examines the state of intellectual property (IP) commercialization in higher education institutions (HEIs) of Uzbekistan during 2021–2023. It provides an overview of the number and types of IP objects created, the projects implemented for their commercialization, and the systemic shortcomings identified in the process. A comparative analysis with international best practices, including the Bayh–Dole Act in the USA, technology transfer centers in Japan, spin-off models in the UK, and Fraunhofer institutes in Germany, highlights valuable lessons for Uzbekistan. The article also discusses the legal and financial aspects of commercialization, including the lack of tax incentives, and proposes policy recommendations to enhance the efficiency of IP utilization in HEIs. The study concludes that strengthening commercialization mechanisms will improve the economic sustainability of universities and contribute to the innovative development of Uzbekistan.