Preventing Violence against Women and Domestic Violence in Uzbekistan: Legal Framework, Implementation, and Prospects

Abstract

Violence against women, particularly domestic violence, remains a pervasive human rights issue worldwide and a pressing concern in Uzbekistan. This article examines Uzbekistan’s evolving legal and institutional framework to prevent violence against women and domestic violence, drawing on recent legislative reforms, analysis of court practice, and survey data. The study situates Uzbekistan’s efforts within global and regional contexts, noting international obligations under treaties such as CEDAW and comparing approaches in Central Asia and Europe. Key reforms include the landmark 2019 law on protection of women from violence and the April 2023 amendments criminalizing domestic violence. New institutions and mechanisms – from protection orders and shelters to a unified case management system – have been introduced to support victims. However, analysis of 2024 court decisions and sociological survey findings reveal persistent challenges in implementation: a strong emphasis on family preservation leading to high rates of case dismissal through reconciliation, under-reporting by victims, and enduring patriarchal attitudes. The Discussion considers achievements and gaps in Uzbekistan’s model relative to neighboring countries and international standards. The article concludes with targeted recommendations for legal and institutional improvements to strengthen protection for women. Findings underscore that while Uzbekistan has made significant strides in aligning with international norms, sustained efforts are required to ensure effective enforcement and to transform social norms that tolerate gender-based violence.