Psychological Aspects of Conducting Searches and Presentations for Recognition

Abstract

This article examines the psychological aspects of conducting searches and presentations for recognition within investigative practice. The search is defined as a procedural action aimed at discovering and seizing hidden evidence, including objects, documents, or individuals. Various scholars emphasize the legal, organizational, and psychological characteristics of this process, highlighting the need for thorough preparation, observation of the searched individual, and accurate interpretation of behavioral signs. The psychological activity of the investigator during a search includes perceptual, cognitive, and analytical components, which directly affect the efficiency of the investigative process. The dual nature of conflict—emotional and intellectual—between the investigator and the searched person is also addressed. Moreover, the article analyzes the psychological features of presentation for recognition, noting that recognition is inherently subjective and depends on perceptual and cognitive processes of the identifier. Both simultaneous and sequential forms of recognition are discussed, with an emphasis on the limitations of pre-identification descriptions and the need to account for the natural holistic nature of perception. Practical recommendations for improving effectiveness include minimizing distractions, maintaining investigator focus, and respecting the psychological state of participants. Overall, the study underlines the significance of applying psychological knowledge to enhance investigative actions, reduce errors, and ensure more reliable evidentiary outcomes.