Immunocorrection of Post-Traumatic Inflammatory Complications in Patients with Fractures of the Lower Jaw

Abstract

At present, there is no consensus on the mechanism of post-traumatic osteomyelitis. In the 60s of the twentieth century A. Nerobeev through experiments, he proved that to a large extent the occurrence of post-traumatic osteomyelitis is facilitated by the sensitization of the body. Moreover, various microorganisms located in odontogenic foci play an important role in the development of this post-traumatic complication. With the development of the pathogenesis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw (PTOLJ), microorganisms located in the oral cavity enter the fracture fracture through the torn mucous membrane of the alveolar process. Subsequently, they are fixed in a hematoma in the area of primary bone necrosis and in soft tissues. With the destruction of the hematoma, an infection of this focus occurs. Since destruction processes are more pronounced in soft tissues, the greatest activity of the pathological course of the process is observed at the lower edge of the lower jaw, since it is there that the main muscle mass is localized. From odontogenic foci, microorganisms begin their penetration into the damaged area of the bone, and in the future there is an expansion of the necrosis zone. In the study of microorganisms found in the pathological focus in patients (PTOLJ), staphylococci, streptococci, protea and E. coli, which could be in association, were most often found. Less commonly, microflora was composed of bacteroids, fusobacteria, veilonella, pepto streptococcus and other anaerobes. Among the complications of fractures of the lower jaw, post-traumatic osteomyelitis occurs from 9 to 30%. Naturally, the quality of life in such patients is reduced.