Features of Diagnostic Approaches and Provision of Dental Care in Patients with Psychiatric Pathologies

Abstract

Relevance. According to the results of the study, epidemiological characteristics of psychiatric morbidity (PM) in the Bukhara region were noted. It was determined that the study population belongs to a group of patients in a very emotional state; At the same time, the authors studied the hygienic state of the oral cavity (OC) and periodontal tissues; it was established that there is a high risk of developing carious lesions of hard dental tissues and their complications, pathology of the temporomandibular joints, poor hygiene of the oral cavity; also, PR is a high risk of chronic oral sepsis (RCOS). The authors assume that diagnostic results and treatment of dental pathologies in patients with dental pathology will be effective if the specialist takes into account their psycho-emotional behavior during manipulation.

The purpose of the studyis to study the epidemiological state of health care in the Bukhara region, taking into account the assessment of the dental condition, and also to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic methods and the features of approaches to communication between dentists in outpatient and inpatient settings of these types of patients.

Materials and methods. The study is based on retrospective and prospective data; the dental condition of 850 patients with dental disease (main group - M/G) and 175 patients in the control group (C/G) without dental disease pathology, aged from 18 to 70 years in the example of the Bukhara region, were assessed . In all studied patients with PM, the epidemiological status by region, age and gender was assessed, the intensity of dental damage by caries and its complications, the hygienic state of (OC), the condition of periodontal tissue was determined, and the viscosity of the oral fluid (OF) and pH of saliva was also assessed.

Results. It has been established that there is a high incidence rate with a diagnosis of mental illness (17,700), including schizophrenia - 4,455 cases; epilepsy – 1790 cases; oligophrenia - 6606 cases and other forms of psychosis - 4849 cases, while disabilities are associated with mental illness - 9383 (53%) patients; of them - 7921 patients in group 2; - 609 patients of the 1st group and 125 patients of the 3rd disability group. It was also found that there was a high intensity of dental caries (20.67±0.82*) in patients with PM; a correlation analysis established between the values of OF parameters, OC hygiene and the intensity of damage to hard dental tissues and periodontal tissues revealed varying degrees of interrelation between these parameters.

Conclusion. Thus, patients with PM are characterized by a high prevalence of periodontal tissue disease - 82%, a direct relationship with a high risk of chronic oral sepsis - 13.3%, while the established results differ significantly from patients with C/G