Neurological Complications of Infectious Diseases: An Epidemiological Overview

Abstract

Neurological complications arising from infectious diseases represent a significant global health challenge, impacting morbidity and mortality rates across diverse populations. This review provides an epidemiological overview of the most common neurological manifestations associated with infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The spectrum of complications ranges from meningitis and encephalitis to more chronic conditions like neuropathy and neurocognitive disorders. Emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, have further highlighted the critical need to understand the mechanisms through which pathogens affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. By analyzing recent data from epidemiological studies, this paper examines the burden of these complications, the risk factors involved, and the geographic variation in incidence. The review also explores advances in diagnostic tools, preventive measures, and therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating neurological damage caused by infections. Improved surveillance and interdisciplinary research are essential for developing more effective public health interventions to reduce the global impact of infectious diseases on brain health.