Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disorders

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common causes of death in patients with end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD), both before the start of renal replacement therapy and during dialysis treatment, and account for up to 52% of all total deaths [1]. In multicenter studies devoted to the study of various diseases of the cardiovascular system in individuals with CKD, it is shown that cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure (HF), along with arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease (CHD), are factors of unfavorable cardiac prognosis and the risk of sudden death [2, 3]. Sudden cardiac death (37%), acute myocardial infarction (27%), stroke (19%), and heart failure (14%) occupy the leading place in the structure of mortality from cardiovascular diseases [4]. Arrhythmias are the most common cause of sudden cardiac death, their presence aggravates the course of coronary heart disease and heart failure, is difficult to tolerate by patients and worsens their quality of life. The frequency of arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients ranges from 40 to 76% [5]. Many aspects of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with CKD remain insufficiently studied and controversial. In particular, the role of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, reduced ejection fraction, the degree of arterial hypertension, the influence of electrolyte disturbances, changes in lipid status, in the development of arrhythmias in patients with CKD and the role of various factors directly related to the hemodialysis procedure itself are not sufficiently studied.

Prevention of life-threatening arrhythmias and, as a consequence , sudden cardiac death will reduce the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias. patients with end-stage renal insufficiency can be treated with a high risk of death and prolong the life of patients with end-stage renal insufficiency.