Respiratory Diseases in Children (Rhinitis)

Abstract

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by symptoms such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, itching, and postnasal drip. It can be acute or chronic and may result from infections, allergens, irritants, or underlying systemic conditions. While often considered a minor health issue, rhinitis can significantly affect quality of life, sleep, and daily functioning. The condition may occur as an isolated disorder, such as allergic or non-allergic rhinitis, or as a symptom of other diseases, including sinusitis, respiratory infections, or structural nasal abnormalities. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and modern strategies for the treatment and management of rhinitis. Special attention is given to preventive measures, lifestyle modifications, and pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing symptom severity and improving patient outcomes.